Key to Transliteration — Vedic Uday

The Sanskrit mantras in Vedic Uday use standard IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration) notation. Use this reference table to correctly pronounce each character when reciting the mantras.

Devanāgarī to Roman Transliteration

Devanāgarī	Roman	Devanāgarī	Roman
अ	a	ड	dha
आ	ā	ण	ṇa
इ	i	त	ta
ई	ī	थ	tha
उ	u	द	da
ऊ	ū	ध	dha
ऋ	ṛ	न	na
ए	e	प	pa
ऐ	ai	फ	pha
ओ	o	ब	ba
औ	au	भ	bha
क	ka	म	ma
ख	kha	य	ya
ग	ga	र	ra
घ	gha	ल	la
ङ	ṅa	व	va
च	ca	श	śa
छ	cha	ष	ṣa
ज	ja	स	sa
झ	jha	ह	ha
ञ	ña	क:	kaḥ
ट	ṭa	क्	kaṃ
ठ	ṭha	कम्	kaṃ
ड	ḍa	क्ष	kṣa

Pronunciation Tips

A macron (ā, ī, ū) indicates a long vowel — held twice as long as the short form.
A dot below a consonant (ṭ, ḍ, ṇ, ṣ) indicates a retroflex sound — tongue curls back to touch the roof of the mouth.
A dot above or tilde (ṅ, ñ) indicates a nasal sound influenced by the following consonant.
ḥ (visarga) is a light aspiration at the end of a syllable.
ṃ (anusvāra) is a nasal resonance, pronounced like 'ng' or 'n' depending on context.

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